The Bioarchaeology program at the University of Iowa Office of the State Archaeologist (OSA) is responsible for the investigation, interpretation, and preservation of ancient burial grounds, and when necessary, the recovery and reburial of ancient human skeletal remains. State statutes assigned these duties to the OSA in 1976 after Indians in Iowa raised the issues of proper disposition of Indian burials, the defilement of Indian burial grounds, and equal protection under the law. Enacted through the combined efforts of Indian representatives, the State Archaeologist, state legislators, and the Governor, Chapter 263B of the Iowa Code protects ancient human remains in Iowa. The OSA works closely with the Indian community through an Indian Advisory Council to implement the law. 

Over 1,500 Indigenous mounds and other unmarked ancient burial sites are recorded in the statewide archaeological site file maintained by the OSA. The OSA receives information about many additional mounds and other burial sites each year.